a. Vitamins.
Vitamins
(English: vital amine, vitamins) are a group of organic compounds that
small molecular weight amines have a vital function in the metabolism of
every organism, which can not be produced by the body. Thus, vitamin absolutely must be supplied from our daily consumption.The
name is derived from the combination of the Latin word vita which means
"life" and amine (amine) which refers to an organic group that has a
nitrogen atom (N), because initially vitamin considered so. Later
revealed that many vitamins are devoid of atoms N. In light of the
enzimologi (the science of enzymes), vitamin is a cofactor in the
chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. Basically, this vitamin compound used by the body to be able to grow and develop normally.
There are 13 types of vitamins needed by the body to be able to grow and develop properly. The
vitamins include vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and B (thiamine, riboflavin,
niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate). Despite having a very important role, the body can produce vitamin D and vitamin K in the form of inactive provitamin. Therefore, the body needs vitamin intake comes from the food we eat. Fruits and vegetables are known have a high vitamin content and it is good for the body. Another vitamin intake can be obtained through dietary supplements.
Vitamin has a specific role in the body and can also provide health benefits. If levels of these compounds are insufficient, the body can experience a disease. Body
only needs small amounts of vitamins, but if this requirement is
ignored, then the metabolism in our body will be disrupted because its
function can not be replaced by other compounds. These health problems known as avitaminosis. An example is when we are deficient in vitamin A, then we will have myopia. In addition, vitamin intake also should not be exaggerated because it can cause metabolic disorders in the body.
b. Aging, free radicals and Role of Vitamins,
Aging of the body is the result of the accumulation of a variety of cell and tissue damage that can not be repaired. In
normal circumstances, damage to cells and tissues of the body can be
improved through the process of cell replication body which is also
known as mitosis. But in many cases, the defective cell can no longer be renewed, but continued to accumulate. This has the potential to cause aging of the body. Free radical compounds are one of the agents that contribute to these events.Mitochondria are cell organelles is one of the most vulnerable to damage by reactive oxygen species (free radicals). It
is associated with a number of reactions release free oxygen in this
organelle that is the center of the body's energy metabolism.
Many
studies have shown that the rate of mitochondrial decay is directly
related to the aging process of the body or the longevity of a living
being. In addition, damage to DNA from oxidation by free radicals also play a major role in these events. Therefore, the body needs a compound to suppress the damaging effects of free radicals.Vitamins
are one of the various types of compounds that can inhibit the body's
reaction to the destruction by free radicals associated with antioxidant
activity. Sufficient
intake of antioxidant vitamins will help the body reduce the effects of
aging by free radicals, especially by reactive oxygen free. In
addition, the vitamin also contributes in supporting a good immune
system so that the risk of various degenerative diseases and other
diseases will be minimized, especially in the elderly.
So, indirectly, vitamin intake is adequate and balanced to create a healthy body condition and longevity.Several types of vitamins has been shown to have antioxidant activity is quite high. Examples
of vitamins that many compounds act as antioxidants in the body are
vitamin C and vitamin E. Vitamin E may help protect the body from free
radical oxidation. This vitamin is also able to work in conditions of free radicals
levels are high, so is able to efficiently and effectively suppress the
reaction of tissue destruction in the body through the process of
oxidation.In
addition to vitamin E, there is one type of vitamin that is also has a
high antioxidant activity, which is vitamin C. This vitamin interacts
with free radicals in the liquid portion of the cell. In addition, vitamin C can also recover body condition due to the oxidation of various hazardous compounds.If
levels of free radicals in the body becomes so excessive and no longer
can be anticipated by antioxidant compounds will give rise to many
chronic diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, heart disease,
cataracts, alzhemeir, and rheumatism.
For
people who have a history of chronic disease in his line, it is
recommended to eat a lot of foods that contain vitamin C and E as a
source of antioxidants. In addition, dietary supplements can also contribute to help solve the problem.
c. Moringa contains abundant Vitamin
Moringa
contains Vitamin A (Alpha & Beta-carotene), B, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6,
B12, C, D, E, K, folic acid, biotin, more abundant. In fact, many times from food sources is known as a high source of nutrition.
Basically, there are two groups of vitamins, namely: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Vitamins A, D, E, and K, are fat soluble and require fat to be absorbed by the body. The excess of these vitamins are stored in the liver and body fat, and then used when needed. Excessive consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can make you poisoning
that cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, as well as liver and
heart problems.
Vitamin B complex and C, is a water-soluble vitamin. Your body uses the vitamins it according to their needs, then removing the excess through urine. Because these vitamins are not stored in the body, the risk of
poisoning is very small compared with fat-soluble vitamins, but a higher
risk of deficiency.
Table Vitamin in Leaves Fresh and Processed Moringa leaves according to the USDA (per 100 grams of material).
some sources that publish the content of Moringa plant nutrients with different values. The difference is caused by many factors, including the origin of plants, cultivation, processing yields and factors testing.Here are some of the roles of vitamins contained in the plant Moringa
in keeping your body in shape (excerpted from different sources).
1. Vitamin A
Vitamin
A plays a role in the growth and maintenance of bones and epithelial
tissue, improve immunity, and fight against free radicals (antioxidant).
Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children in many developing countries.Vitamin A is found in yellow-orange foods, dark leafy greens and in the form of retinol in foods of animal origin. Carrots,
mango, pumpkin, papaya, spinach, broccoli, watercress, egg yolks, milk
and liver are foods rich in vitamin A. Moringa contains vitamin A, 10
times more and Beta Carotene, 4 times more than vitamin A contained in Carrot.
2. Vitamin B,
Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin and plays an important role in cell metabolism. Historically, vitamin B once thought to have only one type, namely vitamin B (such as the knowledge of vitamin C or vitamin D). Further
research showed that the chemical composition of these vitamins in it
differentiating one another and be seen in for example in some foods. Supplements containing all eight of this type is referred to as vitamin B complex. Each type of vitamin B supplements had each other's names, such as vitamin B1, B2, B3. Moringa contains vitamin B as much as 423 mg / 100 g of fresh leaves.
3. Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B1 protects the nervous system, stimulate the appetite and play a role in muscle function and heart. Thiamin also helps the processing of carbohydrates, fat and alcohol. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes a disease called beriberi, in which
patients are unable to process carbohydrates and fats well and developed
a variety of symptoms including heart problems, neurological,
inflammatory joint pain and lack of appetite.Vitamin
B1 is present in grains, organ meats, peas, peanuts, egg yolks, brown
rice, all kinds of meat, potatoes, cabbage, green beans, bananas, and
papayas. Moringa contains vitamin B1 2.6 mg / 100 grams of dried leaves. In the same amount, the content of B1 Moringa 4 times more than the
amount of vitamin B1 in pork and 21 times more than wheat flour.
4. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
This vitamin helps the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and protect the skin and eyes. Vitamin B2 deficiency can cause skin disease, difficulty digesting food and red eyes.Vitamin
B2 is present in cabbage, milk, cheese, peas, eggs, rice, carrots,
sweet potatoes, cassava, tomatoes, beans, avocado, pineapple, papaya,
guava, and mango. Moringa contains 20.5 mg / 100 grams of dried leaves. 50 times more than the amount of vitamin B2 in Sardines.
5. Vitamin B 3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B3 is also known as niacin. This vitamin plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates to produce energy, the metabolism of fat and protein. In the body, vitamin B3 has a major role in maintaining blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, cure migraine and vertigo. Various types of toxic compounds can be neutralized with the help of this vitamin. Vitamin
B3 is one type of vitamin that is commonly found in animal foods, such
as yeast, liver, kidney, meat, poultry, and fish.
However, there are several other food sources that also contain high levels of this vitamin, such as wheat and sweet potatoes. This vitamin deficiency can cause the body to experience convulsions,
muscle cramps, digestive system disorders, vomiting, and nausea.Niacin
(English: niacin, nicotinic acid vitamine) is one of the organic
compounds found in 1937, which serves to prevent the disease pellagra. Another organic compound called nicotinamide, both contain alkaloids
nikotina and later referred to as vitamin B3, nicotinamide although not
nikotinamina.Around 1956, began to be used first niacin to lower cholesterol and prevent heart attacks. Niacin works well for increasing HDL, lowering levels of LDL and
triglycerides, but excessive use can lead to liver failure that can only
be overcome with transplantation.
Humans need vitamin B3 5-15 mg / day to a maximum of 35 mg / day. Lack of vitamin B3 will cause pellagra with common symptoms of diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis.Moringa contains vitamin B3 as much as 8.2 mg / 100 grams of dried
leaves, 50 times more than the amount of vitamin B3 in peanuts.
6. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Digestive bacteria produce this vitamin and partly absorbed through the intestinal wall. This vitamin deficiency causes skin problems such as seborrheic dermatitis around the eyes, nose and mouth. Bananas, avocados, oranges, tomatoes, apples, chicken, fish, meat,
eggs, organ meats, peanuts and soybeans are a source of vitamin B6 is
essential for metabolism of carbohydrates and non-essential amino acids.Moringa contains 1,200 mg / 100 g of fresh leaves, 29 times more than apples and 4.5 times more than the avocado.
7. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin
C is mainly found in citrus fruits, kiwi, melon, lime, guava, soursop,
mango, strawberry, papaya, tomatoes, cabbage and peppers. This
vitamin is essential for growth and development, helps the healing
process, improve the immune system (helps prevent flu), stimulates the
synthesis of collagen, keeping skin elasticity, and maintain healthy
bones, teeth, muscles and tendons. Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant and helps iron absorption in the intestine.Lack of vitamin C can cause canker sores, bleeding, anemia, and joint pain. However, lack of vitamin C deficiency is less common than some kind of
vitamin B. Patients with cancer and digestive problems or those who
receive infusions are more prone to deficiency of vitamin C.Because easily damaged by heat and light, yes ng foods containing vitamin C should be stored in a cool and shady. Consumption of too much vitamin C may be harmful because it causes diarrhea and kidney stones. Because vitamin C helps iron absorption, very high doses can lead to iron overload.Moringa contains Vitamin C 220 mg / 100 g of fresh leaves, 7 times more stout than oranges and 10 times more than the wine.
8. Vitamin D (calciferol)
Vitamin
D is essential for bone growth and maintenance, as it controls the
absorption of calcium and phosphorus are important for bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency in children will lead to disease rickets, and in
adults causes osteomalacia, a condition in which bones become weak and
soft.Vitamin D can be produced by the body when the skin receives ultraviolet rays of the sun. Vitamin D deficiency can occur in those who have a low dietary vitamin D or rarely exposed to sunlight. Large doses of vitamins can lead to excess calcium, especially in children, which interferes with bone formation. However, it is very rare. No recommendations on dietary vitamin D for adults living a normal and sufficient exposure to sunlight.Compared with milk, in the same weight (100 grams), fresh Moringa
leaves contain 4 times the Vitamin D naturally more and dried Moringa
leaves contain vitamin D 17 times more.
9. Vitamin E (tocopherol)
This
vitamin is an important antioxidant that prevents premature aging of
cells, stimulates the immune system, reduce the risk of cataracts,
protect against heart disease, prevent cancer and maintain skin health. Vitamin E deficiency in humans is rare, except in premature infants and those with digestive problems.Vitamin E is present in sesame oil, soy beans, rice, corn and sunflower seeds, egg yolks, nuts and vegetables.Moringa contains vitamin E as much as 113 mg / 100 grams of leaf
powder, 3 times more than spinach and 4 times more than vitamin E
contained in Corn Oil.
10. Vitamin K, (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting and shortcomings can lead to excessive bleeding and difficulty in healing. Vitamin
deficiency is rare, except in newborns and those who have trouble
absorption or metabolism of vitamins, such as patients with chronic
liver disease. Lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, kale, milk, and dark green leafy vegetables are the best sources of this vitamin.Moringa contains 108 mg / 100 g of dry leaves, 1.5 times more than a lot of cabbage.
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